Showing posts with label Enumerated Powers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Enumerated Powers. Show all posts

Monday, February 22, 2021

The Government Does Not Yet Have the Authority to Give You What You Want

     The article below was written as a reaction to the Joe Biden Administration failing to deliver the $1400 checks, and the $15 minimum wage, that it appeared to have promised during the election.





     The mainstream media and the college law professors don't know or care how the law actually works.
The federal government does not have the power to give raises to people whom it does not employ.
     Raising the minimum wage to $15 will not help 32 million workers, as its proponents claim it will. It will only help 0.2% of the non-tipped workforce. That raise would only help people who already work for the federal government, and earn below $15 per hour.

     The government does not have the power or the authority to do the things you want it to do.
     Joe Biden is a constitutionalist. He does not care that people want a $15 minimum wage, and he doesn't want to tell you that the reason he's not giving it to you, is because it's unconstitutional. He certainly doesn't want you to learn how to use the amendment process to allow the federal government to do what you want it to do.

     Americans need voter education and constitutional education badly. Study the 9th and 10th Amendments, Article I Section 8 of the Constitution (the Enumerated Powers), and how the Constitution is amended. This will help you understand which duties are supposed to be held by the national government, and which are supposed to be held by the state and local governments, and the people.
     American voters should stop blaming only Republicans for denying them what they want. It is not only the Republican Party legislators, but also the Constitution - and President Biden - who don't want people to get the changes to the law which they are demanding.
     We can argue all day long about what kind of laws we should have, and which duties belong in the hands of the national or state governments, all day long. But the fact remains: the Constitution is the law, and it is a limitation upon what kinds of laws may exist.
     Amending Article I Section 8, to allow or require the national government to exclusively regulate certain fields of law and policies, is the only way to achieve things like a national minimum wage increase that resembles what progressives are asking for. It is the only way to achieve a minimum wage increase, a federal jobs guarantee, or any sort of mass debt forgiveness program, in a way that is not unconstitutional.
     Enshrining reforms in the Constitution, with proper amendment, is the only way to shield those policies from easy tampering; whether by majorities, minorities, governors, presidential vetoes and signing statements, or activist judges. We must cease pursuing temporary fixes to our numerous economic and political problems, and instead resolve to pursue permanent forms of meaningful, revolutionary amounts of change.

     This country was founded on democratic-republicanism, but also on liberal-conservatism. We have to conserve the progress and freedom that we have achieved. We must consider social republicanism - specifically enshrining the people's human rights into the document by which the people's republic is constituted - in order to specifically enumerate more of our rights.
     We can, and must, do this, without suggesting that the mere appearance of these rights in the Constitution, does not necessarily mean that those are our only rights. Moreover, the mere appearance of a subject in the Constitution does not necessarily connote that the national government retains the exclusive right to legislate upon that manner.
     Through education about the Ninth Amendment, the separation of powers, and natural rights which originate from the virtue of our humanity, we can overcome the perceived conflict between (positive) rights and (negative) freedoms.

     Once we realize that we are parts of the Earth - breathing its air, drinking its water, and being made of food that grew out of the ground - we assert our right to hunt, gather, forage, farm, or glean whatever we may need, in order to survive.
     We have a right to appropriate whatever is necessary to survive, since if we exercise our right to refuse to use the state's money, then we constantly find ourselves on other people's property, in order to obtain the food and water we need. To say that a person has a right to eat, does not necessarily impose an obligation upon someone else to provide him with that food. It is a mere recognition that we cannot survive without eating, drinking, breathing, etc..
     We do not need private property in the means of production, money, or licensed work in order to survive. We need to do enough labor as it takes to acquire what we need to survive, and perform as much action as is necessary to assert our freedom and independence. But we will not die if we run out of money, or ability to solely own a factory or workplace, in the same way that we will die if we run out of food, water, and air.
     Shelter and medicine are gray areas, but it is worth noting that the value of these things are kept artificially high through zoning laws, construction laws, high costs of building permits, medical patent laws, unnecessary sales taxes, and professional licensing laws, and could thus be much less expensive, and therefore require less work in order to purchase.
     There is no reason why we cannot recognize human rights, and human needs, without endorsing the use of a centralized, violent state apparatus to "give" us (or recognize) those rights. Such apparati have rarely done so.
     We must therefore withdraw our trust and support - and also our consent - from the government, and from its officials and employees. Being that governments are instituted to preserve men's freedom, a government which lacks the consent of the governed is not legitimate.

     To say "the time to trust government is over" is to suggest that it was ever wise to trust government. All government which operates on the statist model - a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within a given territory - exists in order to legitimize the violence used by its employees, and to legalize their crimes.
     The state exists to criminalize the violence of its subjects, and to legalize the violence of its officials. The state establishes a border within which the government has an exclusive right to inflict politically motivated initimidation - terror, that is - upon a populace, and to give them nowhere to turn for defense or redress of their grievances, except for that very same aggressive state.

    The state is a self-legitimizing terrorist entity.
     We cannot trust the government to tell us the truth about what the law is, nor about how it works. Nor can we trust the government to allow us the ability to hunt, forage, glean, homestead, etc., enough to survive, without resorting to begging the government's help. Why would government help us become independent? It doesn't benefit the government at all to help us acquire a home as property, in a way which the government can't simply take away from us, after charging us an inordinate amount of property taxes.
     We can't even trust the government to deliver on its "promise" of $1400 checks. If the government would yank a $1400 check out of your hand, then why wouldn't it collude with universities to make you hate the very same document (the Constitution) which you could easily amend in order to achieve legal reforms that could result in you having more freedom, opportunity, and prosperity?
     There's no reason to hate the Constitution, and "throw the baby out with the bath water" in terms of ditching tools that could be used to limit government and separate powers, just because the Constitution still allows involuntary servitude as punishment for a crime (now referred to as "the new slavery" in the prisons).
     The Thirteenth Amendment is amended - and violence, secrecy, and torture are drastically reduced in prisons - the sooner people will no longer be able to rightfully claim that the Constitution allows slavery to continue to exist. It certainly does exist now; not only the outright chattel slavery,  forced labor, and sex slavery which exists in the prisons, but also a general state of political slavery (and wage and debt slavery) which exists in the so-called "free" population as well.


     Given that we have a slave society, why should we trust the government to afford us either freedom or "rights" (however we define that term)? Why trust a corrupt government more, when we know it can't do what we want it to, and wouldn't do those things even if it had the rightful authority?
     
It's time to stop lying to ourselves. We must engage in mutual aid, direct action, charitable acts, voluntary association, voluntary cooperation, and transparent self-governance of firms. That is the only way to bring production and innovation back to the United States, which the government insists on either penalizing and deterring through inordinate tax rates, or else only promoting for the sake of the financial benefit of the people whose corrupt business interests run the government.

     
     We can use the Constitution to limit government and abolish slavery, or we can resort to anarchy to abolish government and slavery. Until our governments stop lying to us, neither alternative should be taken off of the table.
     But additionally, if the government insists upon continuing to lie - and to mislead us about the Constitution's meaning, and brainwash us against what is good about that document, and about limited government - then anarchy will look like a rational choice in comparison to even the most permanent and meaningful reform.
     That's because such reform will continue to look impossible, because the majority of Americans will have no idea how to formally achieve those reforms through law in a way that cannot be easily tampered with.




     I have previously commented on the topics mentioned above; in three articles and three videos. Those posts are linked below.
     http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2021/01/half-of-federal-laws-do-not-apply-to.html
     http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2021/01/what-is-congress-allowed-to-do-and-what.html
     http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2021/01/letter-to-political-science-professor.html
     http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2021/01/links-to-all-of-my-videos-about.html




Written and Published on February 22nd, 2021

Sunday, January 3, 2021

What is the Congress Allowed to Do, and What is it Not Allowed to Do (Without an Amendment)?

 




Click on, and open in new tab or window, or download,
to view in full detail



Note:

The infographic above is intended to be only a
basic overview of what libertarian, conservative,
"constitutionalist", and/or "original intent"
interpretations of the Constitution
seem to allow the Congress to do.

It does not include all policy topics.

Policy topics not listed in the above image include
(for example) bankruptcy, antitrust and monopolies,
the census, the military draft, consumer labeling, 
child protection, monitoring elections, and setting wages and
overseeing union negotiations and collecting labor statistics.

The topics above are listed in order according to
how easily it would be to justify federal legislation
on the manner - according to the Constitution and
what has traditionally been allowed for most of the
country's history - from the easiest (bankruptcy). to
the most difficult (the activities of the Department of Labor).



Click on the following link to see the previous article on this topic:



Created and published on January 3rd, 2021

Edited on January 4th, 2021



Tuesday, June 2, 2020

Press Release: Local U.S. House Candidate Attempts to Form a Mutualist Party in Illinois (Extended Version)

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:                                                            Contact: JOSEPH W. KOPSICK
June 3rd, 2020                                                                      608-417-9395 / jwkopsick@gmail.com



Local U.S. House Candidate Attempts to Form a Mutualist Party in Illinois



     A new challenger has emerged in the race for U.S. House of Representatives in Illinois's 10th district. Lake Bluff native Joseph W. Kopsick, 33, has decided to challenge Democratic incumbent congressman Brad Schneider.
     Kopsick, a political science graduate of the University of Wisconsin, is running an independent campaign. He is also attempting to form a Mutualist Party in Illlinois. Kopsick tells voters that mutualist economics will help make markets both free and fair at the same time, and reduce the harmful influence of monopolies, and help resolve the debate between capitalism and socialism.
     According to Kopsick, “The federal government should manage only money, mail, and military, until we know that it is capable of doing other things competently.” Kopsick wants health, environment, and land issues to be dealt with as locally as possible. Kopsick sees voter education as the most important part of increasing civic engagement, telling voters that “We cannot go on teaching students how the government works, if it is so overextended that it doesn't work the way it was intended to.”
     For Kopsick, the most important issues we face as a nation are the national debt, high medical prices, and child trafficking. Kopsick hopes to pay off the debt through serious budgetary, monetary, and taxation reform, and considers paying off a trillion dollars a year until 2047 to be a realistic goal. Kopsick also sees the importance of making medical goods more affordable; he sees long patent lifespans and unnecessary taxes as some of the chief causes of high medical prices.
     Mr. Kopsick plans to bring his campaign to public libraries and other locations throughout Illinois's 10th congressional district, which encompasses most of Lake County and portions of northern Cook County. Kopsick's challengers in the 10th district, in addition to the incumbent, include Republican nominee Valerie Mukherjee, Libertarian nominee David Rych, and independent candidate Bradley Heinz.
     Kopsick must collect 1,210 signatures by August 7th in order to get on the ballot as a Mutualist candidate. If he does not reach that threshold, voters will still be able to write his name in the write-in space in the general election on November 3rd.
     Since 2010, Kopsick has managed a political science weblog on Blogspot, called the Aquarian Agrarian, which features his congressional platform as well as commentary on political issues. Kopsick is also active on YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram. Members of the press wishing to contact Kopsick's campaign can reach out to the candidate via email at jwkopsick@gmail.com or via phone at 608-417-9395.





Written on June 1st and 3rd 2020
Published to this blog on June 3rd, 2020

Press Release: Local U.S. House Candidate Attempts to Form a Mutualist Party in Illinois (Abbreviated Version)

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:                                                            Contact: JOSEPH W. KOPSICK
June 3rd, 2020                                                                      608-417-9395 / jwkopsick@gmail.com



Local U.S. House Candidate Attempts to Form a Mutualist Party in Illinois




     A new challenger has emerged in the race for U.S. House of Representatives in Illinois's 10th district. Lake Bluff native Joseph W. Kopsick, 33, has decided to challenge Democratic incumbent congressman Brad Schneider.
     Kopsick, a political science graduate of the University of Wisconsin, is running an independent campaign. He is also attempting to form a Mutualist Party in Illlinois. Kopsick tells voters that mutualist economics will help make markets both free and fair at the same time, and reduce the harmful influence of monopolies.
     According to Kopsick, “The federal government should manage only money, mail, and military, until we know that it is capable of doing other things competently.” Kopsick wants health, environment, and land issues to be dealt with as locally as possible.
     Mr. Kopsick plans to bring his campaign to public libraries and other locations throughout Illinois's 10th congressional district, which encompasses most of Lake County and parts of Cook County.
     Kopsick must collect 1,210 signatures by August 7th in order to get on the ballot as a Mutualist candidate. If he does not reach that threshold, voters will still be able to write his name in the write-in space in the general election on November 3rd.
     Members of the press wishing to contact Kopsick's campaign can reach out to the candidate via email at jwkopsick@gmail.com or via phone at 608-417-9395.




Written on June 1st, 2020
Published to this blog on June 3rd, 2020

Submitted to the Daily Herald on June 1st, 2020, but not published

Thursday, February 27, 2020

How to Easily and Permanently Memorize the Enumerated Powers of Congress

     The Enumerated Powers of Congress are found in the 18 clauses that make up Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution of the United States. The first seventeen clauses list the legislative powers that are expressly delegated to Congress by the people. These are the issues that we allow Congress to legislate upon.
     Many Americans believe that the federal government has the power to regulate on matters such as health, education, welfare, unemployment and retirement insurance, etc.. This is simply not true, however; because, according to the 10th Amendment, all powers not granted to Congress remain vested in the states or the people.

     Programs and departments which have expanded government - like the various departments of health, education, welfare (etc.) which have existed over the years - have become part of our government, despite the fact that Congress is supposed to have nothing to do with those issues.
     These programs and departments have, for the most part, become part of our government, through unconstitutional acts of Congress, which the Supreme Court negligently failed to identify as unconstitutional. Several unconstitutional federal departments exist because the president at the time abused his "presidential reorganizational authority" to organize his cabinet, so as to pretend that he had the authority to "re-organize" whole industries and issues into the executive department.

     Neither the General Welfare Clause (Clause 1), nor the Interstate Commerce Clause (Clause 3), nor the Necessary and Proper Clause (Clause 18) permit regulation by Congress of issues not explicitly enumerated (that is, listed or named) in Article I, Section 8. Nor does Clause 17 permit the federal government to own and manage anywhere near the amount of land it currently owns. Nor do Amendments XI through XXVII of the Constitution. Nor do the "unenumerated rights" recognized in Amendment IX, denote the existence of unenumerated authorities given to the government; that's actually the exact opposite of what the 9th Amendment really means.
     The supposed needs to "promote the general welfare", "regulate interstate commerce", and do whatever is "necessary and proper", have all been used as convenient excuses to grow the government, based on intentional misreadings of the law.
     The "general welfare" doesn't mean "whatever benefits anybody in the country"; it refers to the idea that taxes and spending should be done for the benefit of well-being of all people in the country, which requires indirect taxes to be equally apportioned and direct taxes to be uniform.
     The need to "regulate interstate commerce" should not be construed to imply that the federal government may legislate on any and all matters pertaining to interstate commerce which it desires; Clause 3 only permits the Congress to keep commerce regular, meaning free from undue and unwarranted interruptions in the free flow of commerce. In fact, the federal government itself has usually been the major cause of that interruption; either through intervening in commercial affairs which pertain to solely the state itself and nobody else, or through refusing to crack down on states that give their businesses unfair advantages. by taxing their residents to subsidize their own in-state domestic commerce (and labor, jobs, and production) over the commerce of other states. This  allows a states to ignore the need to maintain America's interstate free trade compact, for the purpose of giving the state permanent rewards in the market, and increasing monopolization of the industries within it.
     The Necessary and Proper Clause was never intended to allow the federal government to do whatever it wanted to do. Its purpose is do authorize the federal government to do what is necessary and proper to execute "the foregoing powers", meaning the powers previously listed in Clauses 1 through 17. Clauses 17 and 18 don't say the federal government can take over whatever lands and buildings it needs in order to do whatever it wants; they say that the federal government only has exclusive jurisdiction over a territory less than 100 miles square, that it must purchase whatever lands it owns (and Amendment V says it must compensate owners fairly), and that the government should use whatever resources it requires, only to execute the powers vested in it under Clauses 1 through 17.

     This may be a narrow interpretation of the Constitution, but it is probably a correct one. [Note: Admittedly, I have neglected to mention several important duties of Congress which are distinct from the "4 M's, 3 T's, and 2 P's" listed below; such as trying cases of treason, trying impeachments, admitting new states to the union, and establishing election days. It is worthwhile to note that the Enumerated Powers authorize Congress to do closer to thirty-five things, rather than 17 or 18.]. This narrow interpretation of the Constitution may not "allow the federal government to do much", but that is the point.
     We have an amendment process for a reason; so that we can change the Constitution easily, but not too easily. We are not supposed to change the Constitution for "light and transient causes". It is no use begging for a vote on an unconstitutional matter, or spending a decade and trillions of dollars on unconstitutional legislation, when those efforts will eventually and inevitably be overturned by courts, vetoed by governors, or ignored by presidents.
     Strictly limiting Congress is the only way to prevent new departments from being ushered into existence in the federal government, where they can easily be taken advantage of, and perverted away from their original intentions, by administrations that either don't think the federal government should be involved in such matters, or (worse yet) by administrations that have an active disregard for the harmful activity that the department is supposed to be regulating. The George W. Bush Administration's, and Donald Trump Administration's, actions, concerning the Environmental Protection Agency, perhaps demonstrate this idea best.

     The fact that an issue or power is specifically listed in one of the clauses in Article I, Section 8, does not necessarily mean that the federal government is authorized to wield an exclusive monopoly over providing the service in question, nor does it necessarily mean that the federal government is authorized to legislate concerning any and all topics vaguely related to that issue.
     The states and the people, in most or all cases (save for the specific mention of exclusive jurisdiction over federal lands in Clause 17), still retain authority to legislate concerning the parts of the issues mentioned which are not specifically described in the language of the law.
     For example, the authority to "establish Post Roads" does not, by itself, confer a legal monopoly over the delivery of postal mail; a later Supreme Court decision did that. Also, the power to "establish a uniform rule of naturalization" is arguably the Congress's only immigration-related power. It doesn't specifically say in the Constitution that the federal government has the right to decide where immigrants settle, nor whether they can be eligible for social services.
     The federal government will not have those authorities until the amendment process is utilized, to properly authorize the government to do such things.

     Even though the set of issues which the Congress can regulate, is narrow, there is still a total of seventeen separate clauses which explain what the Congress is allowed to do. Since it can be difficult to remember all seventeen clauses, here are my suggestions about what I think is the best way to memorize and simplify those seventeen things.
     When attempting to teach or memorize the Enumerated Powers, I suggest that the clauses be separated into three main categories: 1) Topics beginning with the letter M; 2) topics beginning with the letter T; and 3) topics beginning with the letter P (and, additionally, a fourth category, consisting of the final two clauses).
     In teaching the Enumerated Powers in this manner, the contents of the first sixteen clauses should be referred to as "the four M's, the three T's, and the two P's":







The Four M's:
     Military, Money, Mail, and Migration

- Clauses 11 through 16: the Military

- Clauses 5 and 6: Money

- Clause 7: Mail (post roads)

- Clause 4: Migration (uniform rule of naturalization)



The Three T's:
     Taxes, Tribes & Trade, and Tribunals

- Clauses 1 and 2: Taxes (and borrowing)

- Clause 3: Tribes & Trade (and commerce)

- Clause 9: Tribunals (and courts)



The Two P's:
     Patents and Piracies

- Clause 8: Patents (arts and science)

- Clause 10: Piracies (and felonies)



Other Clauses:

- Clause 17: Authority over lands purchased by government

- Clause 18: Enabling Clause / Necessary and Proper Clause




Read more about the Enumerated Powers of Congress
     http://tenthamendmentcenter.com/historical-documents/united-states-constitution/thirty-enumerated-powers/
     http://constitutioncenter.org/blog/article-1-the-legislative-branch-the-enumerated-powers-sections-8/





Written on February 27th and 28th, 2020
Published on February 28th, 2020

Sunday, August 18, 2019

How to Simplify and Streamline the United States Code

     The following is a set of recommendations regarding how to best reorganize the U.S. Code. The U.S. Code currently contains 48 titles; Title 6 and Title 34 have been removed and are no longer active. A list of the sections of the U.S. Code is available at the following link: http://www.usflag.org/uscode36.html

     I have made these recommendations as a way to: 1) decrease the number of titles in the Code; 2) simplify the law in general; 3) remove eight titles of the U.S. Code, thus transferring those duties to the states or to the people, and restoring the set of federal powers to within (or closer to) the confines established in the Enumerated Powers; 4) re-organize the Code in a manner which flows more logically; and 5) re-structure the Code in a way that reflects the order of federal authorities listed in the Enumerated Powers, in the order in which they appear.

     My hope is that these recommendations could help guide federal legislative policy, going forward, regarding the continuation of a federal government power shrinking policy. For example, if ever a law were to be passed which would provide that all proposed federal laws must contain a specific explanation of why they are constitutional – which I hope would include which passage in the Constitution authorizes federal power in that policy area – then I hope that the following recommendations help set up the order in which federal authorities appear in the Enumerated Powers as a sort of “backbone” upon which a new re-ordering of the titles of the U.S. Code can be built.
     From that point, those seeking to reduce the size and scope of the federal government, should compare the Enumerated Powers (and the main enabling powers in the Constitution) side by side with the list of 30 titles found at the end of this article, determine whether the Enumerated Powers justify the exercise of federal power in those policy areas, and use their findings to determine which fields of federal purview should be eliminated next. My first recommendation would be to look at which powers the government has under “public health” (in Title 42: The Public Health and Welfare), since health is not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, but welfare is.
     Next, I would recommend examining which types of laws on "Transportation" (if any) are specifically authorized under the only presumable clause which could possibly authorize federal involvement in transportation; namely, the clause authorizing the establishment of Post Roads (Clause 7 of the Enumerated Powers). And so on, should that idea and method be applied, to the other titles, until the contents of the U.S. Code reflect only those federal powers which were specifically authorized in the U.S. Constitution. I would suggest that the title on "Labor" be reviewed before it is removed, so that whichever portions of that title pertain to labor by federal workers can be retained (and, I would suggest, incorporated into Title 8 (Government Organization and Employees) and/or Title 9 (Public Contracts).
     I also hope that this article will help educate the populace as to precisely where in our immense federal code of law, some of the laws we like and don't like, can be found. If the following 31 proposals can ever be passed into law, then I hope that that popular education will become even easier, given the new simplification and streamlining of the Code which I have proposed.
     Here are my proposals about how to reform the order of titles in the U.S. Code:

Proposal #1. Keep Title 1 where it is.
Proposal #2. Make Title 4 into Title 2.
Proposal #3. Make Title 36 into Title 3.
Proposal #4. Make Title 2 into Title 4.
Proposal #5. Make Title 3 into Title 5.
Proposal #6. Make Title 28 into Title 6.
Proposal #7. Make Title 9 into Title 7.
Proposal #8. Make Title 5 into Title 8.
Proposal #9. Make Title 41 into Title 9.
Proposal #10. Make Title 13 into Title 10. Proposal #11. Make Title 42 into Title 11. Proposal #12. Make Title 26 into Title 12.
Proposal #13. Make Title 19 into Title 13.
Proposal #14. Combine Titles 11 and 12 into a single title; Title 14.
Proposal #15. Make Title 15 into Title 15.
Proposal #16. Make Title 22 into Title 16.
Proposal #17. Make Title 25 into Title 17.
Proposal #18. Make Title 31 into Title 18.
Proposal #19. Make Title 39 into Title 19.
Proposal #20. Make Title 23 into Title 20.
Proposal #21. Make Title 49 into Title 21. Proposal #22. Combine Titles 17 and 35 into a single title; Title 22.
Proposal #23. Make Title 18 into Title 23.
Proposal #24. Make Title 10 into Title 24.
Proposal #25. Make Title 14 into Title 25.
Proposal #26. Make Title 32 into Title 26.
Proposal #27. Make Title 33 into Title 27.
Proposal #28. Combine Titles 37 and 38 into a single title; Title 28.
Proposal #29. Make Title 40 into Title 29.
Proposal #30. Make Title 43 into Title 30.
 
Proposal #31. Eliminate Titles 16, 20, 21, 24, 29, 30, 45, and 47.


     Proposal #31 would eliminate eight titles of the U.S. Code, thus “devolving” (or returning) those policy areas to the states or to the people, where they rightfully belong.

     Those policy areas are, respectively: Conservation (Title 16), Education (Title 20), Food and Drugs (Title 21), Hospitals and Asylums (Title 24), Labor (Title 29), Mineral Lands and Mining (Title 30), Railroads (Title 25). and Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs (Title 47).



     Proposals #1-30 would cause the now 50- (or 48-) title U.S. Code to have only 30 titles, causing the list of titles to appear the way it does below:



(Arguably Authorized Under Various Basic Enabling Clauses of Government)
     Title 1. General Provisions
     Title 2. Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States
     Title 3. Patriotic Societies and Observances
     Title 4. The Congress
     Title 5. The President
     Title 6. Judiciary and Judicial Procedure
     Title 7. Arbitration
     Title 8. Government Organization and Employees

     Title 9. Public Contracts
     Title 10. Census

(Arguably Authorized Under Article 1 Section 8 Clauses 1-3)
     Title 11. The Public Health and Welfare
     Title 12. Internal Revenue Code
     Title 13. Customs Duties
     Title 14. Bankruptcy, Banks, and Banking
     Title 15. Commerce and Trade
     Title 16. Foreign Relations and Intercourse
     Title 17. Indians
     Title 18. Money and Finance

(Arguably Authorized Under Article 1 Section 8 Clause 7)
     Title 19. Postal Service
     Title 20. Highways
     Title 21. Transportation

(Arguably Authorized Under Article 1 Section 8 Clause 8)
     Title 22. Copyrights and Patents

(Arguably Authorized Under Article I Section 8 Clause 10)
     Title 23. Crimes and Criminal Procedures

(Arguably Authorized Under Article I Section 8 Clauses 11 through 16)
     Title 24. Armed Forces
     Title 25. Coast Guard
     Title 26. National Guard
     Title 27. Navigation and Navigable Waters
     Title 28. Pay and Allowances of Uniformed Services, and Veterans' Benefits

(Arguably Authorized Under Article I Section 8 Clause 17)
     Title 29. Public Buildings, Property, and Works
     Title 30. Public Lands






Written on August 18th, 2019
Originally Published on August 18th, 2019
Edited on August 18th and 19th, 2019

Links to Documentaries About Covid-19, Vaccine Hesitancy, A.Z.T., and Terrain Theory vs. Germ Theory

      Below is a list of links to documentaries regarding various topics related to Covid-19.      Topics addressed in these documentaries i...