Showing posts with label militia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label militia. Show all posts

Friday, November 16, 2018

Why the Far-Left Should Value the Right to Keep and Bear Arms


     Newly-elected New York Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez was correct when she said during her campaign that the N.R.A. (National Rifle Association) represents gun companies, not gun owners. Like her, I, too, feel that the N.R.A. does not do enough to represent gun owners. But that is because the N.R.A. actually lobbies against personal ownership of powerful weapons (albeit while supporting ownership of less powerful weapons like rifles and handguns).
     Recent federal court rulings concerning the legality of 3-D-printed plastic weapons, is just another example of what I've been saying: letting technology and automation run their courses will lead to cheap alternatives which subvert authorities (authorities which, I will remind you, are Republican, do not give a shit about you or me, and will most likely be in and out of power for the rest of our lifetimes, unless significant change occurs). If allowed to flourish, this technology will not only help protect us against the government, it will also allow private citizens to compete with the big gun manufacturers. But of course, the success of that competition is only realistic when big gun manufacturers are insulated from legal accountability and financial risk through L.L.C. incorporation, and given additional privileges, protections, and favors.
     Conservatives and libertarians tend to criticize Leftists for wanting gun control “like they had in socialist countries, like Soviet Russia, or Venezuela, or Cuba, or China, etc.... I would recommend that any Leftist who supports gun control and hears this critique, simply explain that: 1) not all Leftists, communists, and gun control proponents are Stalinists or Maoists, 2) they don't all want to kill millions of people, 3) “I want common-sense gun legislation because I don't want anyone to get shot”, and 4) the C.I.A. and Yale helped Mao get into power in the first place.

     I think the only way to avoid claims that socialism will lead to mass murder, is to support the use of guns to defend workers against tyranny. Many conservatives are perfectly willing to admit that bosses take the product of the worker's labor every bit as much as politicians and bureaucrats do. Try telling a conservative that “profit is theft”, watch him struggle to understand, then ask him how he would feel if he found out that he had been the victim of wage theft, and then explain that profit is theft because profits are stolen wages. But back to the topic at hand: guns.
     Gun control supporters might argue that guns support white privilege and police brutality, or that gun rights supported the rights of slave patrols to kill black people. I won't deny that they have a point. But those people – black people, the sons of former slaves, and victims of police brutality – do still have the right to arm themselves with weapons too. They retain the right to keep and bear arms, to keep themselves safe from racist and homophobic attacks, sexual assault, and if need be, unlawful arrests wherein police officers use deadly force without cause.
     But Karl Marx, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr. all supported gun rights. King applied for a gun carrying permit before his death, but was denied one by his racist state government, which for all we know, probably collaborated with the FBI to murder King. Malcolm X and Karl Marx, and the people of the Paris Commune of 1871, believed that armed workers are safe from both exploitative bosses and tyrants alike. Marx said that any attempt to disarm the workers must be frustrated with the use of arms if necessary.
     About 200 million people were murdered in the 20th century by their own governments, very many of them murdered with guns. Sure, many died unintentionally, because of economic mismanagement that led to droughts and starvation). But 55 million of them died in countries which had legally disarmed their citizenries first. The Nazis' 1930s gun restrictions limited Jews' rights to own guns (while expanding Germans' rights to do the same), which led to 1) the creation of an unarmed Jewish police force in the ghettos (Jewish Ghetto Police), 2) the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943, in which Jews, lacking guns, brandished Molotov cocktails and hand grenades against the Nazis, 3) pogroms of Jews at gunpoint, and 4) the adoption of Nazi-inspired gun control legislation in America, with efforts spearheaded by Senator Christopher Dodd, Sr..
     There are plenty of libertarians who side with the Black Panthers against Ronald Reagan's gun control measures which limited their right to open-carry. To those of my readers who are leftists: if a libertarian challenges you on gun rights, then ask them whether they support Reagan or the Black Panthers on this matter. If they say Reagan, tell them they support the gun rights of career politicians over the gun rights of working people; people who have families that they can't get the taxpayers to protect for them.
     Not only must the workers be armed, the populace must be armed in order to guard against the draft, against forcible, conscripted service in the U.S. military. Even allowing “support roles” reduces the value of the citizen's labor to zero, because it is forced. Furthermore, it reduces the conscientiously objecting citizen to the status of an accomplice to mass murder. Read the 2nd Amendment six months before it was formally adopted, before it was chopped in half. It used to protect conscientious objection; it used to protect our right to shoot at the government, to shoot at armies – British, American, Chinese, I.S.I.S., al-Qaeda, any army – whomever is trying to steal our children and turn them into child soldiers and murder us for our land.
     That's what the 2nd Amendment was originally trying to protect; the right to conscientiously object to being forced to render military service in person, and forced to defend oneself with a gun and as part of a regulated unit. The formal legal definition of “unorganized militia” in the U.S. Code, and a close analysis of the text of the Second Amendment written six months before its adoption (with close attention to the meaning of punctuation marks therein), will confirm this. Founder George Mason was correct when he said that “the whole of the people” is the militia.

     I know that supporting gun rights is a tough sell to leftists, but we must not repeat the genocides and democides of the 20th century. We must stop American governments from enforcing all sorts of liability regulations and gun control measures that interfere with people's rights to defend themselves and innocent people who are unable to defend themselves.
     I, by the way, am a private security guard who works in a gun-free zone. I think this fact is utterly absurd, and the ridiculousness needs to end. The only kind of common-sense gun control regulation I support is “controlling your gun” by aiming straight, and shooting tyrants and terrorists who want to draft and enslave you.
     That's why, I beg your pardon, weapons of war do belong on the streets of America. And if they don't, then maybe a better place to start would be getting tanks and drones out of the hands of local police departments (a consequence of a Clinton-era law), like we saw in Ferguson, Missouri. Maybe; that is, only if and when the people trust the federal and state governments more than they trust the local police.
     However, if there is any truth to the idea of “common sense gun control”, then certainly, criminally insane people who have committed acts of violence, should not be able to access guns. But that does not mean that we ought to take Senator Dianne Feinstein's lead, and carelessly cast American veterans as insane from P.T.S.D., and thus incapable of owning a firearm. These people served this country for years after learning how to use firearms in highly disciplined fashions, which is an insult.
     To take away someone's right to purchase, own, or practice using a firearm, or to hunt, without reasonable suspicion that they are actively planning to use it to harm someone, is an affront to not just the 2nd, 5th, and 7th Amendments, but also to the very notion that people ought to be presumed innocent until they are proven guilty.
     The “red flag” bills being signed into law in Democratic states (including Illinois and New York), allow judges to issue orders to confiscate weapons of people deemed to be immediate and present threats, by their families who seek orders of protection. While it is more just for a legal order to be issued by a court than by a legislative body, some people could potentially become targets of wrongful disarmament due to fraudulent grounds for orders of protection.
     I am not worried about veterans going crazy and killing a bunch of people. What worries me is that we don't have any mental illness background checks on the psychopathic, sociopathic, and Machiavellian politicians who are crazy enough to think that they're better than everyone else, and so, can order us around. They get away with paying poor people's children to protect their property and die in wars, while they themselves shout “get rid of guns”, surrounded by armed security guards who protect them with guns.
     People like that should not be governing us, and if anyone should be screened for potentially posing a threat with weapons, it should be the biggest arms dealers on planet Earth, the members of the U.S. Congress (located in the District of Columbia, whose chief export is weapons and armaments).








Written on July 4th, 20th, 26th, and 27th, and August 1st through 4th, and 6th, 2018
Edited on November 16th, 2018
Originally Published on November 16th, 2018

Tuesday, October 4, 2016

287 Politicians and Media Figures Who Want to Reinstate the Draft or Require Women to Register

Nineteen prominent figures in politics and media who support
reinstating the draft or changing draft requirements:


Authored Bills to Reinstate the Draft, and Voted No on H.R. 5485
(a failed bill which could have required women to register for the Selective Service)
Rep. Charlie Rangel (D-NY)



Favor Both Reinstating the Draft and Requiring Women to Register
Sen. John McCain (R-AZ)
Young Turks Reporter Cenk Uygur
Young Turks Reporter Ana Kasparian
Young Turks Reporter John Iadarola


Favor Mandatory Civil Emergency Preparedness Service
President Barack Obama (D-IL)
Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel (D-IL)
Economist Robert Reich
Writer David Brooks
Reporter Carl Bernstein
Democratic policy adviser Bruce Reed
Reporter Chuck Todd
Reporter Jon Stewart
Reporter Thom Hartmann



Favor Requiring Women to Register for the Draft
Fmr. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (D-NY)
Fmr. Gov. Jeb Bush (R-FL)
Gov. Chris Christie (R-NJ)
Army Chief of Staff Mark A. Milley
Marine Corps Commandant, General Robert B. Neller









185 Congressmen Who Voted Nay on a Failed Bill
That Could Have Required Women to Register for the Draft



     114th House of Representatives Members Who Voted Nay on H.R. 5485
     Section 1214 of H.R. 5485 “Prohibits funds provided by this bill from being used to change Selective Service System registration requirements in contravention of the Military Selective Service Act.”
     A “Nay” vote indicates that the voting member is open to funds provided by H.R. 5485 being used to change registration requirements so as to require women to register for the Selective Service. A "Yea" vote indicates that the member supports the bill, and supports its prohibition on funds being used to require women to register for the draft.
     The bill was not passed and did not become law.
     Without taking into consideration the other provisions of the bill, the fact that Section 1214 did not become codified into law is a good thing, because it could have potentially appropriated funds towards the revision of draft requirements, likely including a requirement for women to register.


     Author's Note:
     The author of the Aquarian Agrarian blog, Joseph W. Kopsick, wishes to apologize for the incorrect list of U.S. Representatives who voted for this bill. I do not know how that happened. There were 37 roll call votes on different sections of the bill, and Section 1214 was never voted on directly, so I must have substituted the list from one of the other votes. I have found the "Yea" and "Nay" voting on Roll Call 398 on the bill, which was the final vote taken on H.R. 5485, and replaced the original list with the 185 "Nay"s from Roll Call 398.
     Readers can verify for themselves, at the following link, that the list of congressmen below constituted the final "Nay" vote on H.R. 5485. Read the final votes on the bill at http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2016/roll398.xml.
     I would also like to note that both the previous list, and this list correcting it, contained Tulsi Gabbard, congresswoman from Hawaii, and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate.

Adams
Aguilar
Amash
Bass
Beatty
Becerra
Bera
Beyer
Bishop (GA)
Blumenauer
Bonamici
Boyle, Brendan F.
Brady (PA)
Brooks (AL)
Brownley (CA)
Buck
Bustos
Butterfield
Capps
Capuano
Cárdenas
Carney
Carson (IN)
Cartwright
Castor (FL)
Castro (TX)
Chu, Judy
Cicilline
Clark (MA)
Clarke (NY)
Clay
Cleaver
Clyburn
Cohen
Connolly
Conyers
Cooper
Costa
Courtney
Crowley
Cummings
Davis (CA)
Davis, Danny
DeFazio
DeGette
DeLauro
DelBene
Fudge
Gabbard
Gallego
Garamendi
Graham
Grayson
Green, Al
Green, Gene
Grijalva
Gutiérrez
Hahn
Heck (WA)
Higgins
Himes
Hinojosa
Honda
Hoyer
Huffman
Israel
Jackson Lee
Jeffries
Johnson (GA)
Johnson, E. B.
Jones
Kaptur
Keating
Kelly (IL)
Kennedy
Kildee
Kilmer
Kind
King (IA)
Kirkpatrick
Kuster
Langevin
Larsen (WA)
Larson (CT)
Lawrence
Lee
Levin
Lewis
Lieu, Ted
Lipinski
Loebsack
Lofgren
Lowenthal
Lowey
Lujan Grisham (NM)
Luján, Ben Ray (NM)
Lynch
Maloney, Carolyn
Maloney, Sean
Massie
Matsui
McCollum
McDermott
McGovern
McNerney
Meeks
Meng
Moore
Moulton


Murphy (FL)
Napolitano
Neal
Nolan
Norcross
O'Rourke
Pallone
Pascrell
Payne
Pelosi
Perlmutter
Peters
Pingree
Pocan
Polis
Price (NC)
Quigley
Rangel
Rice (NY)
Richmond
Roybal-Allard
Ruiz
Ruppersberger
Rush
Ryan (OH)
Sánchez, Linda T.
Sanchez, Loretta
Sarbanes
Schakowsky
Schiff
Schrader
Scott (VA)
Scott, David
Serrano
Sewell (AL)
Sherman
Sinema
Sires
Slaughter
Smith (WA)
Speier
Swalwell (CA)
Takano
Thompson (CA)
Thompson (MS)
Titus
Tonko
Torres
Tsongas
Van Hollen
Vargas
Veasey
Velázquez
Visclosky
Walz
Wasserman Schultz
Waters, Maxine
Watson Coleman
Welch
Wilson (FL)
Yarmuth



The list of 203 political and media figures who have supported the draft ends here.

(I say 203, and not 204, because I want to avoid counting Charlie Rangel twice.)




     Below are 83 senators who voted for a bill that previously provided for requiring women to register for the draft, but which was amended before the final draft, so as to no longer include that provision. Many of them – probably, most of them Democrats – might well be considered “more likely than not” to support future efforts to require women to register for the draft in the Senate.




     114th U.S. Senate Members Who Voted Yes on S. 2943 (the 2017 N.D.A.A. / National Defense Authorization Act)

     This bill would have required women to register for the Selective Service, but on November 29th, 2018, that provision was reportedly removed from the bill by conservative legislators. Read about that here: http://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2016/11/29/congress-drops-plans-to-make-women-register-for-the-draft/
     This bill was passed, and became law on December 23rd, 2016.

     Author's Note:
     I have not looked for the section of S. 2943 which would have required women to register for the draft, but I have found Section 555, "Principles and Procedure for Commission Recommendations" of Senate Bill 2943.
     In that bill, which became public law, provides that "the principles required under this subsection shall address the following:"... This can be found in the bill under Section 555, sub-section C, clause 2, article A.
     That article continues, "Whether, in light of the current and predicted global security environment and the changing nature of warfare, there continues to be a continuous or potential need for a military selective service process designed to produce large numbers of combat members of the Armed Forces, and if so, whether such a system should include mandatory registration by all citizens and residents, regardless of sex."
     So even though Senate Bill 2943 did not end up requiring women to register for the draft, it did provide for the establishment of a principle to consider whether we should have mandatory Selective Service registration without regards to sex.
     Therefore, it would not be inappropriate to conclude, from the list of "Yea" votes below, that the senators who voted in favor of this bill more than likely support requiring women to register for the draft in addition to men.



Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
Sen. Richard Shelby (R-AL)
Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK)
Sen. Jeff Flake (R-AZ)
Sen. John Boozman (R-AR)
Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AR)
Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)
Sen. Michael Bennet (D-CO)
Sen. Cory Gardner (R-CO)
Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-CT)
Sen. Chris Murphy (D-CT)
Sen. Thomas Carper (D-DE)
Sen. Chris Coons (D-DE)
Sen. Bill Nelson (D-FL)
Sen. John Isakson (R-GA)
Sen. David Perdue (R-GA)
Sen. Mazie Hirono (D-HI)
Sen. Brian Schatz (D-HI)
Sen. Dick Durbin (D-IL)
Sen. Mark Kirk (R-IL)
Sen. Daniel Coats (R-IN)
Sen. Joe Donnelly (D-IN)
Sen. Joni Ernst (R-IA)
Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Sen. Jerry Moran (R-KS)
Sen. Pat Roberts (R-KS)
Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY)
Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-LA)
Sen. David Vitter (R-LA)
Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME)
Sen. Angus King (I-ME)
Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD)
Sen. Barbara Mikulski (D-MD)
Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI)
Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)
Sen. Al Franken (D-MN)
Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
Sen. Thad Cochran (R-MS)
Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS)
Sen. Roy Blunt (R-MO)
Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-MO)
Sen. Steve Daines (R-MT)
Sen. Jon Tester (D-MT)
Sen. Deb Fischer (R-ME)
Sen. Dean Heller (R-NV)
Sen. Kelly Ayotte (R-NH)
Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)
Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ)
Sen. Bob Menendez (D-NJ)
Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM)
Sen. Tom Udall (D-NM)
Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-NY)
Sen. Richard Burr (R-NC)
Sen. Thom Tillis (R-NC)
Sen. Heidi Heitkamp (D-ND)
Sen. John Hoeven (R-ND)
Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-OH)
Sen. Rob Portman (R-OH)
Sen. Jim Inhofe (R-OK)
Sen. James Lankford (R-OK)
Sen. Bob Casey (D-PA)
Sen. Pat Toomey (R-PA)
Sen. John Reed (D-RI)
Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)
Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC)
Sen. Tim Scott (R-SC)
Sen. Mike Rounds (R-SD)
Sen. John Thune (R-SD)
Sen. Lamar Alexander (R-TN)
Sen. Bob Corker (R-TN)
Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX)
Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
Sen. Tim Kaine (D-VA)
Sen. Mark Warner (D-VA)
Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-WA)
Sen. Patty Murray (D-WA)
Sen. Shelley Capito (R-WV)
Sen. Joe Manchin (D-WV)
Sen. Tammy Baldwin (D-WI)
Sen. Ron Johnson (R-WI)
Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY)
Sen. Michael Enzi (R-WY)




That makes 287 total figures in politics and media whom I have observed
supporting the draft in some way, over the last five years.








To watch my YouTube video about the military draft, click on the following link:







Compiled on October 4th, 2016

Edited on October 5th and November 1st, 2016
Links and Explanations Added on December 29th, 2018

Author's Notes Added on February 15th, 2019

Wednesday, January 27, 2016

Hammond v. United States

Written on January 27th, 2016



            At 4:25 P.M. Pacific Time on Tuesday, January 26th, 2016, seven or eight people were arrested by F.B.I. agents along Highway 395 in Oregon, during a traffic stop near a roadblock, and charged with felony counts of impeding federal officers. One person was killed during the arrests.

The people who were arrested are members of the group of so-called “militia” which, on January 2nd, 2016, staged an armed occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in rural southeastern Oregon, in protest of what they consider an illegal and unconstitutional land-grab of the Hammond ranch, by the Federal Bureau of Land Management (B.L.M.). The wildlife refuge is located about thirty miles south of the town of Burns, Oregon, and the Hammond ranch lies 53 miles south of Burns.
One of the arrestees, Ammon Bundy, whose brothers are also among the protesters (or “militia”), has been described by some sources as the leader of the protests, but the Hammonds have said that the Bundys and the militia men do not speak for them. According to Ammon Bundy’s brother Ryan Bundy, whom was shot during the arrest, the militants demanded that the Hammonds be released, and that the surrounding federal lands be ceded back to local control, referring to Harney County, Oregon.
Ammon and Ryan Bundy are the sons of Cliven Bundy, the Nevada rancher who, in the spring of 2014, was involved in a standoff with federal authorities over cattle grazing rights, and came under fire nationally after an interview on FOX News, in which he suggested that blacks had a better quality of life under slavery than in modern times.

According to the Facebook page of the Bundy Ranch, Arizona resident and rancher Robert “LaVoy” Finicum, was shot and killed by police during the arrest. It has been alleged that Finicum was shot three times, while he had his hands above his head, and was surrendering. It is unclear who shot first during the encounter. Authorities claim that Finicum failed to surrender as directed.
            In a video titled “Mark McConnell describes LaVoy Finicum’s fatal shooting”, which was posted to the YouTube channel of Travis Gettys on January 27th, Mark McConnell, whom was also arrested, and said he was Ammon Bundy’s bodyguard, stated that according to Shawna Cox and Ryan Payne, Finicum drove away from F.B.I. agents, and then charged officers. However, McConnell also stated that Cox changed her story several times. McConnell's video has since been taken down.
            In a video entitled “Government Treats Native Artifacts as Doorstops!” which was posted to the Bundy Ranch Facebook page on the night of the arrest, Finicum stated that he grew up on a Navajo reservation; spent time with Lakota on a Sioux reservation; and has Navajo, Comanche, and Pima ancestry.
In the same video, Finicum stood outside the office of the occupied Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, and showed some Native American artefacts that were on the ground outside the door of the building. Finicum criticized the federal government for neither handling the artefacts carefully nor holding them sacred, and invited the people of Harney County to “throw off the B.I.A.”; the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Since 1964, two different properties have been owned by Dwight Hammond, Jr., whose son Steven also works at the ranch. Throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the B.L.M. and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (F.W.S.) expanded the size of the now 187,000-acre Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, and bought up many of the ranches adjacent to the Hammonds’ property.
During that time period, conflicts between the B.L.M. and the F.W.S. and the Hammonds (over road and water rights, and cattle grazing permits) – as well as between county and federal authorities – resulted in financial hardships which resulted in the Hammonds selling-off their original 6,000-acre property. The conflicts also resulted in the Hammonds being required to build fences which cut the size of their property in half. The Hammonds purchased another ranch, but acquired the original property again after the man who purchased it from them, passed away. Today the Hammonds own 12,000 acres in the Diamond-Frenchglen area.

In the early fall of 2001, the Hammonds set a fire on their own 10,000-acre private property, which spread to the Steens Mountain Cooperative Management and Protection Area. The Hammonds informed the fire department that they were going to set this fire, as a routine prescribed burn, to burn off invasive species.
According to conflicting reports, the fire burned 139 acres of grass (127 according to some sources) out of the 26,420 acres of B.L.M.-managed land that the Hammonds used for summer grazing. At that time, there was no communication about the burn from the federal government to the Hammonds. After the fire, Steven Hammond called the B.L.M. office in Burns, Oregon, to inform them about the fire.
At trial, witnesses, including a relative of the Hammonds, testified that the fire occurred shortly after Steven Hammond and his hunting party killed several deer on B.L.M. property, allegedly illegally. Prosecutors, and a teenage relative of the Hammonds, told the jury that Steven Hammond instructed others to light matches, drop them on the ground, and told them that they were going to “light up the whole country on fire”. The Hammonds allegedly told one of their relatives that nobody needed to know about the fire, and not to tell anyone about it. One witness testified that he barely escaped the eight- to ten- foot high flames.
According to a June 2013 writ of certiorari, the fires “caused minimal damage and, arguably, increased the value of the land for grazing. The district court found no one was endangered by the fires.”

In August 2006, the Hammonds set another fire, a backburn, in order to protect the winter range of their ranch, as well as their home, from an approaching wildfire, which was sparked by a massive lightning storm. Dwight Hammond’s wife Susan later said that “the backfire worked perfectly, it put out the fire, saved the range and possibly our home.”
The government later sought $1 million in damages from the fire, which reportedly threatened the lives of volunteer firefighters who were camping nearby.

The Hammonds were charged with arson, and served two years in prison. However, due to a provision of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, “Whoever maliciously damages or destroys… by means of fire… any… real property… owned or possessed by … the United States … shall be imprisoned for not less than 5 years” and not more than twenty years.
In 2012, the first federal judge to handle the case deemed the mandatory minimum sentence to be too stiff, and sentenced the Hammonds to two years in prison. According to the U.S. Attorney’s Office, the trial court “imposed sentences well below what the law required based on the jury’s verdicts”.
The federal government’s attorney appealed the case, seeking additional prison time for the Hammonds. According to some sources, such appeals are routine; but according to other sources, such appeals are rare.
In October 2015, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals imposed the mandatory minimum sentence, ruling that the five-year sentence was “not grossly disproportionate to the offense” of arson. The court gave the Hammonds credit for the time they had already served. The Hammonds turned themselves in to a California prison on the afternoon of January 3rd, 2016.

A video posted to YouTube, which was made in January 2016 by a protester supporting the Hammonds’ cause, alleged that the government had violated the Bill of Rights in its actions against the Hammonds; namely, the First Amendment right to file a petition for redress of grievances; the Fifth Amendment freedom from double jeopardy, and the Eighth Amendment freedom from cruel and unusual punishment.
The creator of the video claimed that government had denied a petition for redress of grievances, most likely referring to an online petition filed to the Governor of Oregon and several other government officials, on December 11th, 2015, which asserted that the Hammonds “were not afforded their rights to due process” by the state and Harney County, that the Hammonds “committed no crime” in setting the prescribed burn, and that “the U.S. Government does not have authority to enforce Territorial law under Article Four within the State of Oregon”.
The creator of the YouTube video also asserted that the second prison sentence imposed upon the Hammonds constituted double jeopardy; and also that to send Dwight Hammond, now 74 years old, back to prison, would constitute cruel punishment.

In my opinion, the Hammonds are not guilty of arson, and should not be punished in pursuance of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. Regardless of which level of government owns the damaged land, it is simply not the case that the Hammonds lit the 2006 backburn maliciously, which in my opinion should be viewed as the operative and key word of that law.
In my opinion, since the Hammonds did not act with malicious intent to destroy public or government property, but rather lit the fire in order to protect their home and property, they are not guilty of arson, and certainly should not be punished further, especially not in pursuance to a federal law originally intended to punish terrorism.
Even if the witness was correct that Steven Hammond told him that the fire would “light up the whole country”, this does not necessarily mean that the intent was to destroy public property. Moreover, the word “country”, most likely, simply refers to the land, rather than the nation or its government.

However, the allegation that the Hammonds set the 2001 fire following illegal deer poaching, and in order to cover that poaching up, it very well may be that there was malicious intent in that act, if indeed it could be successfully argued that those deer were government property. But that even if that could be argued, that is not the property that the government sued the Hammonds for destroying.
Regardless of the conflicts between the various levels and agencies of government, versus the Hammonds and their private property, and regardless of the Hammonds’ guilt or innocence, it seems obvious to me, now, after examining these facts, that one very important thing has been ignored throughout all the reporting on the Hammonds and the Bundys, and the armed occupation of the so-called “federal building”, the shack office at the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.
This is that – keeping in mind that the office was occupied the day before the Hammonds turned themselves in to authorities in order to report for their prison sentences – the Hammonds are not, and have not been, the parties occupying that office. Perhaps this explains why the Hammonds told media that the Bundys and the self-described militia do not represent them. Therefore, in my opinion, we can hardly blame the Hammonds for the occupation, nor the behavior of the occupiers, nor the actions of Ammon Bundy and his brothers.



Bibliography:

            1. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/01/26/reports-protest-group-leader-ammon-
                        bundy-arrested/7930650

            2. http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/wtf-is-happening-in-the-oregon-militia-
                        standoff-explained-20160103

            3. https://popehat.com/2016/01/04/what-happened-in-the-hammond-sentencing-in-
                        oregon-a-lawsplainer/

            4. http://abcnews.go.com/US/oregon-ranchers-expected-report-california-prison-amid-
                        armed/story?id=36079385

            5. http://theconservativetreehouse.com/2016/01/03/full-story-on-whats-going-on-in-
                        oregon-militia-take-over-malheur-national-wildlife-reduge-in-protest-to-
                        hammond-family-persecution/

6. http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2015/12/ranchers_fight_
            with_feds_spark.html

7. http://heavy.com/news/2016/01/dwight-steven-hammond-oregon-ranchers-protest-
            prison-arson-fire-land-charges-sentences-age-bundy-armed-militia-judge-photos-
            family/

8. http://landrights.org/or/Hammond/Hammond-v-United-States-Oregon-Petition-for-
            Writ-of-Certiorari-Filed-June-17-2013.pdf

9. http://bundyranch.blogspot.com/2015/12/notice-redress-of-grievance-action.html

10. http://www.newsfoxes.com/2016/01/lavoy-finicum-the-oregon-militiaman-allegedly-
            shot-by-police-in-cold-blood-while-unarmed/

            11. https://www.facebook.com/bundyranch/videos/951100138300128/

How to Fold Two Square Pieces of Card Stock into a Box

      This series of images shows how to take two square pieces of card stock (or thick paper), and cut and fold them into two halves of a b...