Our Basic Needs Are Abundant, Not Scarce

     In late November 2017, I posted a commentary to social media regarding what I regard as the most basic and primary set of human needs, whether they are scarce or abundant, and how we could access and afford them more easily. The post, originally titled “Everything Should Be Free”, follows:

     The law of supply and demand dictates that if a good is abundant (i.e., more exists than people need), its price will fall towards zero/free.

     To clarify, resources existing in a fixed amount, does not necessarily guarantee scarcity by that fact alone. Nor does scarcity only refer to shortages; shortages which are locally felt may be a symptom of inefficient distribution, unequal distribution. Scarcity is a condition in which a resource exists in a smaller amount than the amount demanded or needed.

     We can verify that most things we need to survive are not scarce, by simply thinking about it. Which things do we need to survive, and which phenomena and technologies make them freer? Our most basic needs are air, water, food, shelter, clothing, and medicine. I have not addressed clothing here, nor the need for plumbing and sanitation; but I did not leave them out because they're any less important; they're no less important. Instead, I have chosen to comment on how to make energy and transportation more easily available to people.

     AIR is free to breathe, but there will only truly be no price for clean air, when there is no more unnecessary air pollution, and when the costs of cleaning the air up (that is, cleaning up after ourselves) have gone down to zero. But it is possible.

     WATER falls from the sky in abundance. We can collect it, but only when it's legal. Sometimes it's illegal for a good reason, like when altering rain flow affects our neighbors' property, or threatens wildlife in the area, or drastically changes the water table or causes flooding. But when collecting rainwater does not require creating an artificial lake, it can be done freely and safely. Through rooftop water filters and rain collection systems, we could make water much easier to afford and acquire.
There is also a product called LifeStraw, which converts contaminated water into free, safe, filtered, drinkable water. If this product were made easily and cheaply available to the third world, perhaps through charity or mutual aid, then struggling people would have a much easier time acquiring water, one of the most primary things we need to survive.

     Enough FOOD is produced on the planet annually to feed 10 billion, while we have to feed only 7.5 billion. While the US throws away 40% of food, France requires groceries to donate unsold food to charity. Teach people how to grow food, and let them do it in cities. Watch “Extreme Couponing” and look up the mutual aid organization Food Not Bombs.

     SHELTER could be easily made cheap, or even free, through liberalization of homesteading requirements, changing local building codes to keep up with modern safety innovations and allow experimental architectural techniques, and returning the vast swaths of land owned by the federal government back to the states and the people. This will make land more available, and in turn, more places to stay.
     There are now 6 empty residences for each homeless American. Remove all government supports (including police protection) for absentee property ownership. Allow people to host homeless and needy people in their apartments without requiring them to pay rent, and allow renters and trailer and tiny house residents to claim state homestead tax credits (in states other than Wisconsin, the only state in which residents can do so).

     MEDICINE is kept artificially scarce and artificially expensive through patents, taxes, insurance mandates, trade barriers (against foreign-made pharmaceuticals), deadly approval delays, and other unnecessary and often unconstitutional intrusions. Getting rid of these privileges and barriers could help reduce the prices of medical care, medications, and medical devices.

     ENERGY is kept artificially expensive through patents, regional monopolies, preferential subsidies for one energy source or the other, and more. Letting the market choose renewable resources like solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and Alternating Current energy could save money, lives, and the planet.

     TRANSPORTATION could be made cheaper by withdrawing all government and taxpayer supports from car dealerships, used car lots, and car graveyards. Vehicles in car graveyards, and aircraft sitting on government-owned lands, could be repaired and turned over to those who need them. The idea that car dealerships sit on cars, and have state-licensed private security guards and the police to protect them (sometimes at taxpayer expense) should indicate that price reductions are the only way to clear the market. The fact that supply and demand are not meeting, and causing markets to clear, ought to indicate that what's being sold simply isn't worth what they're asking for. Maybe it even indicates that there is not currently a free or fair market in transportation.

For more information:

- look up Citizens for Truth in School on Facebook,

- read my article "You Don't Need Money to Live" at http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2017/02/you-dont-need-money-to-live.html

and

- read my blog entry "Links on Homelessness and Moneylessness"
http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2018/05/links-on-homelessness-moneylessness.html

Originally Written in Late November 2017

Edited and Expanded on December 1^st, 2018

Published on December 1^st, 2018

Markets and Socialism Can Both Lead to Free Housing

     Many voters, with good cause, doubt politicians' ability to deliver on “free housing”. But in my opinion, that's because many voters are largely unaware of the true purpose of a free-market system.

     Decreasing and limiting the size and scope of government, simplifying the tax code, letting people keep more of their own money, and letting technology do its thing, could all help result in cheaper housing, and in more people getting housed. Making low-cost housing possible through voluntary and free-market means, instead of through the government, could help make people more free, while their rent goes down at the same time.

     Promoting multi-use zoning, for example, could help make it easier for people to work from home, or work closer to home. Land Value Taxation, rooftop reclamation, and building upwards, would all help to make land and housing less expensive, while also reducing urban sprawl, diminishing the influence of speculation on the land and housing markets, and leading to fewer unused parcels and fewer abandoned properties.

     Another thing that would help reduce the cost of housing, is to reduce the cost of land, in hopes that that would decrease the costs of building on land. It would also help to get the government out of all the lands out West that it owns or manages without explicit constitutional authority. There is no reason why progressives and conservatives shouldn't unite against large land and energy monopolies, especially considering that conservatism and environmental conservation have a long history of going hand-in-hand.

     I recommend that the single national Environmental Protection Agency be replaced with Community Land Trusts, and community trusts that protect air, water, and other natural resources (these trusts are one of the potential features of implementing Henry George's Land Value Taxation).

     Right now, we're seeing Donald Trump's E.P.A. make the exact same move that George W. Bush's E.P.A. made in the early 2000s; a move against California's ability to determine its vehicle emissions standards. This is an example of how government control of an industry with the purpose of protecting consumers, can easily cause that industry to become victim to regulatory capture, because the people assume that a good or service will be safe simply because there is an agency that exists which is supposed to regulate it (whether it does so or not).

     I strongly believe that it is better for many federal agencies to be abolished, than to continue existing and risk being used for evil. Don't be ashamed to cite California's 10^th Amendment “states' rights” to legislate on vehicle emissions, something that's not mentioned in the Enumerated Powers, and which is thus none of Congress's business. But back to land and housing.

     Housing is not free; but that's not primarily the fault of markets or voluntary exchange. Certainly it's because of capitalism, an also bad government, but not markets.

     It's because of land and mortgage speculation (which is capitalism, but with government protection). It's also because of bad legislation; such as 1) housing codes that favor flammable building materials (i.e., wood, instead of concrete and rock); 2) restrictions on architectural experimentation (look up Mike Reynolds and “Earth ships”); 3) subsidies to live in flood-prone areas, and loads of additional unnecessary measures that only make housing more expensive and more likely to be damaged.

     The best-case scenario of addressing these problems, is that we could we drastically undermine the financial and lobbying power of the “FIRE economy” (Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate industries). Simply put – and speaking of fire - a home that isn't made of flammable materials (i.e., wood) doesn't have much use for fire insurance. Building more buildings out of glass, steel, concrete, and rock – including building into the rock naturally – could help reduce house fires, and drastically reduce the need to purchase fire insurance. And that means savings for struggling families.

     Markets aren't even supposed to exist for things which exist in abundance, like housing. Abundant goods exist in greater supply than is necessary to satisfy people's needs. People assume that land existing in a fixed supply, means that not enough of it exists.

     But of course enough of it exists; we're not falling off the planet, and less than 3% of land area is used for housing. So logically – according to free market principles of supply and demand; namely, that an abundant supply should mean not just low prices, but zero cost – housing should be free, because there's so much of it that it's a free gift from nature.

     But like idiots, we fence it off, evict whoever's on it, exclude everyone from it who refuses to pay us for access to it, sell it off piece by piece, and let governments and large companies own huge amounts of it, and even destroy it with no financial or legal repercussions nor compensation to the community.

You can learn more about mass eviction by looking up the enclosure of the English Commons, also known as the enclosure movement. Mass displacements of Native Americans, such as the Trail of Tears, parallel these mass displacements from land, as do similar events in other countries throughout time.

     This is the macroscopic explanation of why rent is theft; because what's being rented and leased is stolen, conquered property, which was not acquired justly. Whether it was acquired according to the letter of the law should matter much, much less than whether it was acquired without violating anyone's right to be free from other people's violence, aggression, and coercion.

     That is why “rent is theft”. While the Libertarian Party believes that “taxation is theft”, we at the Libertarian Socialist Caucus of the LP also believe that “rent is theft”.

     Rent is theft for the same reason that eviction is murder; they're both coercive, exploitative practices which are likely to result in the death and deprivation of the borrower or renter, who for all intents and purposes has been legally and logistically precluded from doing anything to make ends meet other than those methods which have been culturally normalized and authoritatively approved (i.e., selling his labor and renting his living space). Homesteading, foraging, mutual aid, charity, and gift/trade/barter/share combined, do not always supplement what we procure for ourselves through legitimized business and political avenues.

     Additionally, we agree with Proudhon that “property is theft”, and that “property is impossible”.

Basically, this is to say that one can't own a huge chunk of land; at least not without the government's recognition and help and police assistance, because otherwise, people would steal it from them. Call it “stealing”, or “seizing”, or even just “challenging” them for it. A person defending a property claim based purely on defense and conquest, cannot logically refuse someone's offer to fight him for his property, if those are the terms upon which he voluntarily chooses to wager that his property claim is valid.

     “Absentee ownership” is a scourge against which Georgists, Mutualists, anarchists, socialists, and communists all fight; it is the ownership is a property by an owner who rarely makes use of or even visits his claimed property (especially one who does little to no work to maintain or defend the property). The Libertarian Socialist Caucus of the L.P. fully supports the right to squat, as long as the squatters do not make the place unlivable or let it fall into further disrepair. Usufructory (use-based) property rights are not a defense when it is conquered land which is being “used better” or “used more productively”.

     The idea that poor people don't pay taxes is ridiculous, for the simple reason that there are sales taxes in 46 states. There's no reason that a homeless person should have to pay sales taxes on everything he eats.

     There's also no reason why people should need to hire a lobbyist to stop their tax money from going to fund police forces, and license private security guards, and protect the six empty residences that exist for every homeless person in America, and prop-up and bail-out businesses that they want to fully boycott but can't. Socialists and free-marketers both believe in boycott, but for all intents and purposes, boycotts are illegal. Not just because our tax money goes to corporate welfare, but also because secondary boycotts are illegal according to federal law (the Taft-Hartley Act), even though they would have no reason to be illegal in a libertarian society because they are perfectly voluntary.

     Aside from taxes and corporate subsidies, and the impossibility of boycott, the idea that poor people don't pay taxes is also laughable because of the “opportunity costs” that people lose; when they are ordered to obey this or that policy, ordered to submit to this or that authority figure or politician, or ordered to buy this or that product. The lives of soldiers are being paid around the world to finance the destruction we are causing; and the value of those lives lost are impossible to measure. Opportunity costs are an unseen tax, and so is inflation, which Ron Paul called a tax on saving money.

     Human beings can't help but take up space and area on the planet. Each of us has the natural right to homestead property to make it livable, and bequeath it to our children, and any government that deprives us of that right should at least compensate us.

     Conservative hero Thomas Paine proposed that each adult be paid a fixed sum of thousands per year; as a share in the land value, and as compensation for those deprivations of rights to freely homestead, inherit, and bequeath. However, some of Paine's own modern-day conservative admirers might call him a Universal Basic Income Guarantee -supporting “socialist” for espousing such a position. The same with John Locke, who said people have to leave enough land for others, so they have a place to live.

     Some say that the poor don't deserve a basic income, nor a citizens' dividend, nor even any food or jobs guarantee. No free identification documents either. Many of them say that the poor shouldn't receive any government services, unless they pay for them, i.e., through user fees. This is predicated upon the idea that only property owners should vote, and that therefore poor people who have no property should not vote, nor receive government services. However, to say this is to admit that even if homeless people have a few possessions, they have no property. Which is to say that there is a distinction; a distinction which anarcho-capitalists insist is not useful, so therefore they do not make it.

     Socialists do not “hate” private property, and they do not want to “steal your toothbrush”. Anyone who is trying to convince you that socialists want your toothbrush because it's private property, does not know what socialists mean when they say private property.

     A personal possession is any ordinary, small, cheap, mass-produced, easily movable thing; anything that isn't an important, rare tool, or something is not essential to the labor process, or wouldn't make sense to be cooperatively managed by a large group of workers, or something that people don't actually need in order to survive or earn a living. The latter are examples of private property.

     “Private property” (as people like Marx and Proudhon used it) does not include personal possessions; only private property in the means of production, like factories and plants, large machine parts, farms, and land. It includes things that are loaned out at interest; and the laborer's wage is taken as profit (and the laborer underpaid) as a form of “rent” on the means of production which the worker is borrowing for eight hours a day in order to avoid starvation. Which he does by paying an additional rent to a landlord who holds a title granted by government, which right-libertarians are foolish enough to fail to describe as anything but another ordinary law.

     Sucks to the law.

Written on July 4^th, 20^th, 26^th, and 27^th, and August 1^st through 4^th, and 6^th, 2018

Edited and Expanded on August 20th, 2018

Originally Published on August 20th, 2018

Links on Homelessness, Moneylessness, Food Waste, and Recycling

Homeless People Read Anti-Homeless Tweets

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufngP5Du4CY

Response to a John Stossel Episode About Panhandling - article by Joe Kopsick

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2011/07/on-panhandling.html

Facts About Homelessness

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-quigley/ten-facts-about-homelessn_b_5977946.html

http://theeconomiccollapseblog.com/archives/it-is-becoming-illegal-to-be-homeless-in-america-as-houston-dallas-and-dozens-of-other-cities-pass-draconian-laws

Homelessness in Iowa

http://thefreethoughtproject.com/church-fights-back-against-outreach-center-closure/

http://www.kcrg.com/content/news/IC-emergency-winter-shelter-helps-homeless-and-police-456737943.html

Restrictions on Feeding the Homeless

http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2017/11/08/malibu-church-told-they-must-stop-feeding-the-homeless/

http://theeconomiccollapseblog.com/archives/it-is-becoming-illegal-to-be-homeless-in-america-as-houston-dallas-and-dozens-of-other-cities-pass-draconian-laws

Tiny Houses and Possessions Seized from Homeless People

http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-tiny-houses-seized-20160224-story.html

http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20151221/east-harlem/3-homeless-people-had-their-possessions-illegally-destroyed-by-city-nyclu/

http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-homeless-belongings-20160331-story.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/19/nyregion/property-of-a-homeless-man-is-private-hartford-court-says.html

http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Homeless-have-right-to-reclaim-property-3843236.php

Tiny Houses in the United States

http://www.nbcnews.com/business/real-estate/tiny-houses-big-idea-end-homelessness-n39316

http://www.curbed.com/maps/tiny-houses-for-the-homeless-villages

http://www.greenwichtime.com/business/article/Tiny-house-trend-could-mean-big-things-for-12919917.php

http://www.yesmagazine.org/new-economy/tiny-house-villages-for-the-homeless-an-affordable-solution-catches-on

Tiny Houses in Detroit, Michigan

http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20121024/FREE/121029942/10-million-detroit-project-will-provide-housing-for-homeless 

http://www.businessinsider.com/detroit-homeless-tiny-home-neighborhood-2017-6

http://www.businessinsider.com/detroit-tiny-home-neighborhood-rent-to-own-2016-10

http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2016/04/24/61m-project-creates-housing-veterans-detroit/83464350/

http://thefreethoughtproject.com/tiny-homes-homeless-detroit/

The Free Detroit Project

http://plus.google.com/communities/110963655334447780201

http://www.projectfreedetroit.com/

http://www.facebook.com/projectFREEdetroit

Libertarian Senate Candidate: Arm the Homeless

http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/03/16/arm-homeless-with-shotguns-to-reduce-crime-us-senate-hopeful-says.html

http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/mar/15/us-senate-candidate-proposes-arming-homeless-people-with-shotguns

http://michiganradio.org/post/us-senate-candidate-wants-buy-guns-homeless-people

http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2018/03/michigan_libertarian_us_senate.html

Tiny Houses in Seattle, Washington

http://crosscut.com/2018/05/seattles-new-tiny-house-village-homeless-women-only

http://mynorthwest.com/585204/tiny-house-seattles-homeless/

http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/23/tiny-houses-solution-homelessness-seattle

http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/seattles-teeny-response-to-tiny-houses-for-the-homeless/

http://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/tiny-houses-have-a-big-impact/

http://www.king5.com/article/news/local/seattle/north-seattle-homeless-tiny-house-village-to-open-wednesday/281-427764246

http://q13fox.com/2017/12/16/seattles-homeless-crisis-are-tiny-houses-the-answer/

http://q13fox.com/2018/03/02/tiny-homes-for-the-homeless-looking-to-set-up-space-in-your-backyard/

http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video?fr=mcafee&p=seattle+tent+city+homeless+video#id=6&vid=7b122341fdc9ebc852a83ee6f5421e62&action=click

http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video?fr=mcafee&p=seattle+tent+city+homeless+video#id=3&vid=8152bc37d8d13fca31059a58b6f8356f&action=click

http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video?fr=mcafee&p=seattle+tent+city+homeless+video#id=1&vid=7251449ab0e6c8771f602c9b0da24f64&action=click

Seattle's Tent Cities

http://grist.org/cities/tent-cities-seattles-unique-approach-to-homelessness/

Tiny Houses in Madison, Wisconsin

http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/11/16/madison-homelessoccupy.html

http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/one-year-in-madison-s-village-of-tiny-houses-wins/article_6d1a54cc-343a-5775-b3de-5fa341677580.html

http://wuwm.com/post/what-madisons-tiny-house-community-homeless-looks#stream/0

http://tinyhouseblog.com/humanitarian/madison-tiny-house-village-homeless/

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/17/tiny-homes-madison-wiscon_n_6171634.html

Food Pantry in Wisconsin Offers Free Meals, Discount Clothing, and More

http://www.riverfoodpantry.org/

Trash Pickup Jobs for the Homeless

http://dose.com/articles/cities-are-paying-homeless-people-12-hour-to-pick-up-litter/

http://www.10news.com/news/city-of-san-diego-introduces-jobs-program-for-homeless

http://www.kpbs.org/news/2018/feb/23/san-diego-homeless-people-earn-10hour-cleaning-tra/

Underground Homelessness in New York City

http://narrative.ly/the-truth-about-new-yorks-legendary-mole-people/

http://books.google.ca/books?id=H7jfvdtA0hsC&redir_esc=y

http://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/18/nyregion/us-to-offer-housing-vouchers-to-lure-homeless-from-the-subways.html

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235327/

The I.B.W.A. (International Brotherhood Welfare Association)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Brotherhood_Welfare_Association

The I.B.W.A. (International Brotherhood Welfare Association) - article by Joe Kopsick

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2014/06/on-reviving-international-brotherhood.html

Resource Map for Homeless People Living in Portland, Oregon - article by Joe Kopsick

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2015/03/resource-map-for-portland-oregon.html

Portland-Focused Solution to Homelessness and Other Economic and Political Issues - article by Joe Kopsick

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2014/08/party-for-mutualism-and-cooperation-us.html

Homeless Support Facilities in Portland, Oregon

https://www.tprojects.org/

http://www.portlandrescuemission.org/

Portland's "Street Roots" Magazine for the Homeless

http://www.streetroots.org/

http://relevantmagazine.com/reject-apathy/poverty/features/16467-street-roots-the-voice-of-the-homeless

http://www.pdxmonthly.com/articles/2018/2/27/meet-the-new-executive-director-of-street-roots

Mike Reynolds, Garbage Architect

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Reynolds_(architect)

http://www.garbagewarrior.com/

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1104694/

Food Not Bombs: Direct Food Aid to the Homeless

http://foodnotbombs.net/new_site/faq.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Not_Bombs

http://foodnotbombs.net/new_site/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjEOXjnfouk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPz9Evko864

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H28poQG3U2c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQm8AnReOKc

Food Waste in the U.S.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8TDfjbpSBE

Zabaleen Coptic Christians in Cairo, Egypt Salvage Recyclables

http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/garbage-dreams/film.html

http://vimeo.com/8673194

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1847755/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0s7WsoC528

Daniel Suelo, "The Man Without Money"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suelo

http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video?fr=mcafee&p=daniel+suelo#id=1&vid=7b96c61c0432f2370c0be00334921612&action=click

http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video?fr=mcafee&p=daniel+suelo#id=3&vid=3d4c3fefbc211fb9de62e41a3733c14c&action=click

Political and Economic Articles About the Causes of Homelessness

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclosure

http://www.branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=ellen-rosenman-on-enclosure-acts-and-the-commons

http://www.terriwindling.com/blog/2015/09/the-commons.html

http://sustainabilityandthecommons.wordpress.com/tag/enclosure/

http://sustainabilityandthecommons.wordpress.com/tag/homelessness/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squatting

http://www.reddit.com/r/DebateAnarchism/comments/1rf2ly/what_is_the_occupancy_and_use_theory_of_property/

http://c4ss.org/content/41421

Reforming Property Tax Laws to Make Home Ownership Less Costly - article by Joe Kopsick

http://www.lclp.org/articles/geolibertarianism/

Links about Cooperatives and the Nonprofit Sector

Joe Kopsick on the Nonprofit Sector

Nonapartism (or Unincorporatism): Cooperative Anarcho-Corporatvism in a Social Market Economy

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2013/12/nonapartism-in-social-market-economy.html

Conservatives for Georgism and a Social Market Economy: On Attracting Conservatives and Libertarians to the Philosophy of Henry George

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2014/04/conservatives-for-georgism-and-social.html

Diagram of the Public, Private, and Third Sectors

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2014/04/diagram-of-public-private-and-third.html

On Labor: Offering Tax Incentives to Firms to Transition Power to Workers and Consumers

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2014/04/on-labor-offering-tax-incentives-to.html

Party for Mutualism and Cooperation: 100-Point U.S. Parliament Platform

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2014/08/party-for-mutualism-and-cooperation-us.html

A Market-Oriented Solution to High Health Insurance Costs

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2017/02/a-market-oriented-solution-to-high.html

States Could Experiment with Export and Resource-Backed Currencies

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2016/10/states-could-experiment-with-resource.html

Resource Map for Portland, Oregon

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2015/03/resource-map-for-portland-oregon.html

Nonprofit / Charity / Cooperative Sector / Mutuals

The Charitable Sector (IndependentSector.org)

https://www.independentsector.org/about/the-charitable-sector/

The Nonprofit Sector (Urban.org)

http://www.urban.org/research/publication/nonprofit-sector-brief-2015-public-charities-giving-and-volunteering

The Voluntary Sector (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_sector

Purchasing Cooperatives (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_cooperative

Wholesaling (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesaling

Credit Unions in the United Kingdom (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom

Mutual Organizations (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_organization

Consumers' Cooperatives (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumers%27_co-operative

National Cooperative Business Association (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cooperative_Business_Association

Mondragon Corporation (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondragon_Corporation

Nonprofit Sector from Anarchists’, Economists’, & Political Philosophers’ Perspectives

"Free Money for Anarchists" (Will Schnack - YouTube)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34CPmd4EmTg

"Who Owns the Benefit: the Free Market as Full Communism" by Kevin A. Carson
https://c4ss.org/content/12561

Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America" (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_in_America

Jeremy Rifkin's "The Zero Marginal Cost Society"
http://www.thezeromarginalcostsociety.com/

Jeremy Rifkin on the Zero Marginal Cost Society and the Collaborative Commons
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeremy-rifkin/collaborative-commons-zero-marginal-cost-society_b_5064767.html

Social Responsibility of Business & Cooperatives / Social Purpose Enterprises

The Sharing Economy (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharing_economy

The Social Market Economy (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_market_economy

Social Venture Capital (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_venture_capital

Social Enterprise (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_enterprise

Socially Responsible Investing (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socially_responsible_investing

Seven Cooperative Principles (Willy Street Co-Op)
https://www.willystreet.coop/seven-cooperative-principles

Seven Cooperative Principles (Credit Union National Association)
https://www.cuna.org/Footer/About-CUNA/Seven-Cooperative-Principles-for-Credit-Unions/

Strikes, Boycotts, Divestments, Tax Protests, Economic Secession

Murray Rothbard on the 1977 Chicago Tax Strike

https://mises.org/library/chicago-tax-strike-1977

Divestment (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divestment

Solidarity Action (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_action

Tax Resistance (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_resistance

Local Exchange Trading System (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_exchange_trading_system

Economic Secession (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_secession

Wendell Berry (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Berry

American Independent Business Alliance / A.M.I.B.A. (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Independent_Business_Alliance

Liberty Tree Foundation for the Democratic Revolution
https://www.libertytreefoundation.org/building-democracy-movement-usa

General Strike (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_strike

Alternative Social Currencies

Mutuum (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_contracts_in_Roman_law#Mutuum

Social Currency (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_currency

Jeremy Thaxter's Mutualist Blog
http://mutualeconomynetwork.blogspot.com/

http://mutualeconomynetwork.blogspot.com/2014/07/a-proposal-for-basics-of-well-defined.html

Economics of Reciprocity

The "Cost the Limit of Price" Principle (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price

Mutualist Economics (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)

Coopetition (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coopetition

P2P, Commons, etc.

Peer-to-Peer Networks (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer_(disambiguation)

Commons-Based Peer Production (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production

The Social Networking Site "Diaspora" (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_(social_network)

Apolitical, Non-Departmental, and Non-Ministerial Government Departments

Quasi-Nongovernmental Organizations / Q.U.A.N.G.O.s (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quango

Non-Departmental Public Bodies (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body

Non-Ministerial Government Department (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-ministerial_government_department

The I.B.W.A.

International Brotherhood Welfare Association / I.B.W.A. (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Brotherhood_Welfare_Association

The Modern-Day, California-Based I.B.W.A. (Facebook Page)

https://www.facebook.com/ibwacharity

Joe Kopsick on the I.B.W.A.: "On Reviving the International Brotherhood Welfare Association"

http://aquarianagrarian.blogspot.com/2014/06/on-reviving-international-brotherhood.html

Originally Written in Early September 2017

Originally Published on September 5th, 2017

Edited on September 7th, 2017